Soybean variety 90M01

ABSTRACT

According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated 90M01. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety 90M01, to the plants of soybean 90M01 to plant parts of soybean variety 90M01 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety 90M01 with another soybean plant, using 90M01 as either the male or the female parent.

FIELD OF INVENTION

This invention is in the field of soybean breeding, specificallyrelating to a soybean variety designated 90M01.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean variety,designated 90M01 which has been the result of years of careful breedingand selection as part of a soybean breeding program. There are numeroussteps in the development of any novel, desirable plant germplasm. Plantbreeding begins with the analysis and definition of problems andweaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishment of program goals,and the definition of specific breeding objectives. The next step isselection of germplasm that possess the traits to meet the programgoals. The goal is to combine in a single variety an improvedcombination of desirable traits from the parental germplasm. Theseimportant traits may include but are not limited to higher seed yield,resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to drought and heat, andbetter agronomic qualities.

These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing anddistribution, can take from six to twelve years from the time the firstcross is made. Therefore, development of new varieties is atime-consuming process that requires precise forward planning, efficientuse of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.

Soybean (Glycine max), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus, acontinuing goal of soybean breeders is to develop stable, high yieldingsoybean varieties that are agronomically sound. The reasons for thisgoal are to maximize the amount of grain produced on the land used andto supply food for both animals and humans. To accomplish this goal, thesoybean breeder must select and develop soybean plants that have thetraits that result in superior varieties.

Pioneer soybean research staff create over 500,000 potential newvarieties each year. Of those new varieties, less than 50 and morecommonly less than 25 are actually selected for commercial use.

The soybean is the world's leading source of vegetable oil and proteinmeal. The oil extracted from soybeans is used for cooking oil,margarine, and salad dressings. Soybean oil is composed of saturated,monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It has a typicalcomposition of 11% palmitic, 4% stearic, 25% oleic, 50% linoleic and 9%linolenic fatty acid content (“Economic Implications of Modified SoybeanTraits Summary Report”, Iowa Soybean Promotion Board & American SoybeanAssociation Special Report 92S, May 1990). Changes in fatty acidcomposition for improved oxidative stability and nutrition are alsoimportant traits. Industrial uses for processed soybean oil includeingredients for paints, plastics, fibers, detergents, cosmetics, andlubricants. Soybean oil may be split, inter-esterified, sulfurized,epoxidized, polymerized, ethoxylated, or cleaved. Designing andproducing soybean oil derivatives with improved functionality,oliochemistry, is a rapidly growing field. The typical mixture oftriglycerides is usually split and separated into pure fatty acids,which are then combined with petroleum-derived alcohols or acids,nitrogen, sulfonates, chlorine, or with fatty alcohols derived from fatsand oils.

Soybean is also used as a food source for both animals and humans.Soybean is widely used as a source of protein for animal feeds forpoultry, swine and cattle. During processing of whole soybeans, thefibrous hull is removed and the oil is extracted. The remaining soybeanmeal is a combination of carbohydrates and approximately 50% protein.

For human consumption soybean meal is made into soybean flour which isprocessed to protein concentrates used for meat extenders or specialtypet foods. Production of edible protein ingredients from soybean offersa healthy, less expensive replacement for animal protein in meats aswell as dairy-type products.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety,designated 90M01. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybeanvariety 90M01, to the plants of soybean 90M01, to plant parts of soybeanvariety 90M01 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced bycrossing soybean variety 90M01 with another soybean plant, using 90M01as either the male or the female parent. This invention also relates tomethods for introgressing a transgenic or mutant trait into soybeanvariety 90M01 and to the soybean plants and plant parts produced bythose methods. This invention also relates to soybean varieties orbreeding varieties and plant parts derived from soybean variety 90M01,to methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derivedfrom soybean variety 90M01 and to the soybean plants, varieties, andtheir parts derived from use of those methods. This invention furtherrelates to soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossingthe soybean variety 90M01 with another soybean variety.

Definitions

Certain definitions used in the specification are provided below. Alsoin the examples which follow, a number of terms are used. In order toprovide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification andclaims, including the scope to be given such terms, the followingdefinitions are provided:

ALLELE. Any of one or more alternative forms of a genetic sequence. In adiploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given sequence typicallyoccupy corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.

ALTER. The utilization of up-regulation, down-regulation, or genesilencing.

ANTHESIS. The time of a flower's opening.

BACKCROSSING. Process in which a breeder crosses a progeny variety backto one of the parental genotypes one or more times.

BREEDING. The genetic manipulation of living organisms.

BREEDING CROSS. A cross to introduce new genetic material into a plantfor the development of a new variety. For example, one could cross plantA with plant B, wherein plant B would be genetically different fromplant A. After the breeding cross, the resulting F1 plants could then beselfed or sibbed for one, two, three or more times (F1, F2, F3, etc.)until a new variety is developed. For clarification, such new varietywould be within a pedigree distance of one breeding cross of plants Aand B. The process described above would be referred to as one breedingcycle.

BU/A=Bushels per Acre. The seed yield in bushels/acre is the actualyield of the grain at harvest.

BSR=Brown Stem Rot Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based on leafsymptoms of yellowing and necrosis caused by brown stem rot. A score of9 indicates no symptoms. Visual scores range down to a score of 1 whichindicates severe symptoms of leaf yellowing and necrosis.

CELL. Cell as used herein includes a plant cell, whether isolated, intissue culture or incorporated in a plant or plant part.

CW=Canopy Width. This is visual observation of the canopy width from 1to 9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The higher the score thebetter the canopy width observed.

CNKR=Stem Canker Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based uponpremature plant death. A score of 9 indicates no symptoms, whereas ascore of 1 indicates the entire experimental unit died very early.

COTYLEDON. A cotyledon is a type of seed leaf. The cotyledon containsthe food storage tissues of the seed.

ELITE VARIETY. A variety that is sufficiently homozygous and homogeneousto be used for commercial grain production. An elite variety may also beused in further breeding.

EMBRYO. The embryo is the small plant contained within a mature seed.

EMGSC=Emergence Score. The percentage of emerged plants in a plotrespective to the number of seeds planted.

F3 This symbol denotes a generation resulting from the selfing of the F2generation along with selection for type and rogueing of off-types. The“F” number is a term commonly used in genetics, and designates thenumber of the filial generation. The “F3” generation denotes theoffspring resulting from the selfing or self mating of members of thegeneration having the next lower “F” number, viz. the F2 generation.

FEC=Iron-deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 9 based on visualobservations. A score of 1 indicates the plants are dead or dying fromiron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 5 means plants have intermediatehealth with some leaf yellowing and a score of 9 means no stunting ofthe plants or yellowing of the leaves. Plots are usually scored in midJuly.

FECL=Iron-deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 9 based on visualobservations. A score of 1 indicates the plants are dead or dying fromiron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 5 means plants have intermediatehealth with some leaf yellowing and a score of 9 means no stunting ofthe plants or yellowing of the leaves. Plots are scored around midAugust.

FEY=Frogeye Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon leaflesions. A score of 9 indicates no lesions, whereas a score of 1indicates severe leaf necrosis.

GENE SILENCING. The interruption or suppression of the expression of agene at the level of transcription or translation.

GENOTYPE. Refers to the genetic constitution of a cell or organism.

HABIT. This refers to the physical appearance of a plant. It can bedeterminate, semi-determinate, intermediate, or indeterminate. Insoybeans, indeterminate varieties are those in which stem growth is notlimited by formation of a reproductive structure (i.e., flowers, podsand seeds) and hence growth continues throughout flowering and duringpart of pod filling. The main stem will develop and set pods over aprolonged period under favorable conditions. In soybeans, determinatevarieties are those in which stem growth ceases at flowering time. Mostflowers develop simultaneously, and most pods fill at approximately thesame time. The terms semi-determinate and intermediate are also used todescribe plant habit and are defined in Bernard, R. L. 1972. “Two genesaffecting stem termination in soybeans.” Crop Science 12:235-239;Woodworth, C. M. 1932. “Genetics and breeding in the improvement of thesoybean.” Bull. Agric. Exp. Stn. (Illinois) 384:297-404; Woodworth, C.M. 1933. “Genetics of the soybean.” J. Am. Soc. Agron. 25:36-51.

HERBRES=Herbicide Resistance. This indicates that the plant is moretolerant to the herbicide shown than the level of herbicide toleranceexhibited by wild type plants. A designation of RR indicates toleranceto glyphosate and a designation of STS indicates tolerance tosulfonylurea herbicides.

HGT=Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of the soil to toppod of the plant and is measured in inches.

HILUM. This refers to the scar left on the seed which marks the placewhere the seed was attached to the pod prior to it (the seed) beingharvested.

HYPL=Hypocotyl Elongation. This score indicates the ability of the seedto emerge when planted 3″ deep in sand pots and with a controlledtemperature of 25° C. The number of plants that emerge each day arecounted. Based on this data, each genotype is given a 1 to 9 score basedon its rate of emergence and percent of emergence. A score of 9indicates an excellent rate and percent of emergence, an intermediatescore of 5 indicates average ratings and a 1 score indicates a very poorrate and percent of emergence.

HYPOCOTYL. A hypocotyl is the portion of an embryo or seedling betweenthe cotyledons and the root. Therefore, it can be considered atransition zone between shoot and root.

LDGSEV=Lodging Resistance. Lodging is rated on a scale of 1 to 9. Ascore of 9 indicates erect plants. A score of 5 indicates plants areleaning at a 45° angle in relation to the ground and a score of 1indicates plants are laying on the ground.

LEAFLETS. These are part of the plant shoot, and they manufacture foodfor the plant by the process of photosynthesis.

LINKAGE. Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosometend to segregate together more often than expected by chance if theirtransmission was independent.

LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM. Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles tend toremain together in linkage groups when segregating from parents tooffspring, with a greater frequency than expected from their individualfrequencies.

LLE=Linoleic Acid Percent. Linoleic acid is one of the five mostabundant fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gaschromatography and is reported as a percent of the total oil content.

LLN=Linolenic Acid Percent. Linolenic acid is one of the five mostabundant fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gaschromatography and is reported as a percent of the total oil content.

LOCUS. A defined segment of DNA.

MAT ABS=Absolute Maturity. This term is defined as the length of timefrom planting to complete physiological development (maturity). Theperiod from planting until maturity is reached is measured in days,usually in comparison to one or more standard varieties. Plants areconsidered mature when 95% of the pods have reached their mature color.

MATURITY GROUP. This refers to an agreed-on industry division of groupsof varieties, based on the zones in which they are adapted primarilyaccording to day length or latitude. They consist of very long daylength varieties (Groups 000, 00, 0), and extend to very short daylength varieties (Groups VII, VIII, IX, X).

OIL=Oil Percent. Soybean seeds contain a considerable amount of oil. Oilis measured by NIR spectrophotometry, and is reported on an as ispercentage basis.

OLC=Oleic Acid Percent. Oleic acid is one of the five most abundantfatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography andis reported as a percent of the total oil content.

PEDIGREE DISTANCE. Relationship among generations based on theirancestral links as evidenced in pedigrees. May be measured by thedistance of the pedigree from a given starting point in the ancestry.

PERCENT IDENTITY. Percent identity as used herein refers to thecomparison of the homozygous alleles of two soybean varieties. Percentidentity is determined by comparing a statistically significant numberof the homozygous alleles of two developed varieties. For example, apercent identity of 90% between soybean variety 1 and soybean variety 2means that the two varieties have the same allele at 90% of their loci.

PERCENT SIMILARITY. Percent similarity as used herein refers to thecomparison of the homozygous alleles of a soybean variety such as 90M01with another plant, and if the homozygous allele of 90M01 matches atleast one of the alleles from the other plant then they are scored assimilar. Percent similarity is determined by comparing a statisticallysignificant number of loci and recording the number of loci with similaralleles as a percentage. A percent similarity of 90% between 90M01 andanother plant means that 90M01 matches at least one of the alleles ofthe other plant at 90% of the loci.

PLANT. As used herein, the term “plant” includes reference to animmature or mature whole plant, including a plant from which seed orgrain or anthers have been removed. Seed or embryo that will produce theplant is also considered to be the plant.

PLANT PARTS. As used herein, the term “plant parts” includes leaves,stems, roots, root tips, anthers, seed, grain, embryo, pollen, ovules,flowers, cotyledon, hypocotyl, pod, flower, shoot and stalk, tissue,cells and the like.

PLM=Palmitic Acid Percent. Palmitic acid is one of the five mostabundant fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gaschromatography and is reported as a percent of the total oil content.

POD. This refers to the fruit of a soybean plant. It consists of thehull or shell (pericarp) and the soybean seeds.

PRT=Phytophthora Tolerance. Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot is ratedon a scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 9 being the best or highesttolerance ranging down to a score of 1 which indicates the plants haveno tolerance to Phytophthora.

PRMMAT=Predicted Relative Maturity. Soybean maturities are divided intorelative maturity groups. In the United States the most common maturitygroups are 00 through VIII. Within maturity groups 00 through V aresub-groups. A sub-group is a tenth of a relative maturity group. Withinnarrow comparisons, the difference of a tenth of a relative maturitygroup equates very roughly to a day difference in maturity at harvest.

PRO=Protein Percent. Soybean seeds contain a considerable amount ofprotein. Protein is generally measured by NIR spectrophotometry, and isreported on a dry weight basis.

PUBESCENCE. This refers to a covering of very fine hairs closelyarranged on the leaves, stems and pods of the soybean plant.

RESISTANCE. Synonymous with tolerance. The ability of a plant towithstand exposure to an insect, disease, herbicide or other condition.A resistant plant variety will have a level of resistance higher than acomparable wild-type variety.

RKI=Root-knot Nematode, Southern. This is a visual disease score from 1to 9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upondigging plants to visually score the roots for presence or absence ofgalling. A score of 9 indicates that there is no galling of the roots, ascore of 1 indicates large severe galling cover most of the root systemwhich results in pre-mature death from decomposing of the root system.

RKA=Root-knot Nematode, Peanut. This is a visual disease score from 1 to9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upondigging plants to look at the roots for presence or absence of galling.A score of 9 indicates that there is no galling of the roots, a score of1 indicates large severe galling cover most of the root system whichresults in pre-mature death from decomposing of the root system.

SCN=Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance. The score is based on resistanceto a particular race of soybean cyst nematode, such as race 1, 2, 3, 5or 14. Scores are visual observations of resistance as versus othergenotypes in the test, with a higher score indicating a higher level ofresistance.

SD VIG=Seedling Vigor. The score is based on the speed of emergence ofthe plants within a plot relative to other plots within an experiment. Ascore of 9 indicates that 90% of plants growing have expanded firstleaves. A score of 1 indicates no plants have expanded first leaves.

SDS=Sudden Death Syndrome. Tolerance to Sudden Death Syndrome is ratedon a scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 1 being very susceptible rangingup to a score of 9 being tolerant.

S/LB=Seeds per Pound. Soybean seeds vary in seed size, therefore, thenumber of seeds required to make up one pound also varies. This affectsthe pounds of seed required to plant a given area, and can also impactend uses.

SHATTR=Shattering. This refers to the amount of pod dehiscence prior toharvest. Pod dehiscence involves seeds falling from the pods to thesoil. This is a visual score from 1 to 9 comparing all genotypes withina given test. A score of 9 means pods have not opened and no seeds havefallen out. A score of 5 indicates approximately 50% of the pods haveopened, with seeds falling to the ground and a score of 1 indicates 100%of the pods are opened.

SHOOTS. These are a portion of the body of the plant. They consist ofstems, petioles and leaves.

STC=Stearic Acid Percent. Stearic acid is one of the five most abundantfatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography andis reported as a percent of the total oil content.

WH MD=White Mold Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based uponobservations of mycelial growth and death of plants. A score of 9indicates no symptoms. Visual scores of 1 indicate complete death of theexperimental unit.

Definitions for Area of Adaptability

When referring to area of adaptability, such term is used to describethe location with the environmental conditions that would be well suitedfor this soybean variety. Area of adaptability is based on a number offactors, for example: days to maturity, insect resistance, diseaseresistance, and drought resistance. Area of adaptability does notindicate that the soybean variety will grow in every location within thearea of adaptability or that it will not grow outside the area. Area ofadaptability may also be used to refer to the soil or growingconditions.

-   Midwest: Iowa and Missouri-   Heartland: Illinois and the western half of Indiana-   Plains: ⅔ of the eastern parts of South Dakota and Nebraska-   North Central: Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Upper Peninsula of    Michigan, and the eastern half of North Dakota-   Mideast: Michigan, Ohio, and the eastern half of Indiana-   Eastern: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Rhode Island, New Jersey,    Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, and Maine-   Southern: Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas,    North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama,    Mississippi, and Louisiana-   Western: Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona,    Utah, Nevada, California, Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho,    Wyoming, the western half of North Dakota, and the western ⅓ South    Dakota and Nebraska-   PMG infested soils: soils containing Phytophthora sojae-   Narrow rows: 7″ and 15″ row spacing-   High yield environments: areas which lack normal stress for example    they have sufficient rainfall, water drainage, low disease pressure,    and low weed pressure-   Tough environments: areas which have stress challenges, opposite of    a high yield environment-   SCN infected soils: soils containing soybean cyst nematode other    areas of adaptation include the soybean growing regions of Canada,    tight clay soils, light sandy soils and no-till locations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

The variety of the invention has shown uniformity and stability for alltraits, as described in the following variety description information.It has been self-pollinated a sufficient number of generations, withcareful attention to uniformity of plant type to ensure a sufficientlevel of homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The variety has beenincreased with continued observation for uniformity. No variant traitshave been observed or are expected.

Soybean variety 90M01 is particularly adapted to the Western and NorthCentral United States, and Canada.

Soybean variety 90M01 demonstrates a valuable combination of traits,including exceptional yield potential, resistance to glyphosate, andPhytophthora resistance provided by the Rps1k gene. There are few othervarieties at this RM which have the yield potential, multi-racephytophthora resistance as governed by the Rps1k gene, and resistance toglyphosate 90M01 has.

Soybean variety 90M01 exhibits a relative maturity of 0 and a subgroupof approximately 0. A variety description of Soybean variety 90M01 isprovided in Table 1. Traits reported are average values for alllocations and years or samples measured.

Soybean variety 90M01, being substantially homozygous, can be reproducedby planting seeds of the variety, growing the resulting soybean plantsunder self-pollinating or sib-pollinating conditions, and harvesting theresulting seed, using techniques familiar to the agricultural arts.

Performance Examples of 90M01

In the examples in Table 2, the traits and characteristics of soybeanvariety 90M01 are given in paired comparisons with the Pioneer varietiesshown in the following tables. Traits reported are mean values for alllocations and years where paired comparison data was obtained.

FURTHER EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Genetic Marker Profile Through SSR and First Generation Progeny

In addition to phenotypic observations, a plant can also be identifiedby its genotype. The genotype of a plant can be characterized through agenetic marker profile which can identify plants of the same variety ora related variety or be used to determine or validate a pedigree.Genetic marker profiles can be obtained by techniques such asRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly AmplifiedPolymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction(AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence CharacterizedAmplified Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms(AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to asMicrosatellites, and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Forexample, see Cregan et. al, “An Integrated Genetic Linkage Map of theSoybean Genome” Crop Science 39:1464-1490 (1999), and Berry et al.,Assessing Probability of Ancestry Using Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles:Applications to Maize Inbred Lines and Soybean Varieties” Genetics165:331-342 (2003), each of which are incorporated by reference hereinin their entirety.

Particular markers used for these purposes are not limited to anyparticular set of markers, but are envisioned to include any type ofmarker and marker profile which provides a means of distinguishingvarieties. One method of comparison is to use only homozygous loci for90M01. For example, one set of publicly available markers which could beused to screen and identify variety 90M01 is disclosed in Table 3.

Primers and PCR protocols for assaying these and other markers aredisclosed in the Soybase (sponsored by the USDA Agricultural ResearchService and Iowa State University) located at the world wide web at129.186.26.94/SSR.html. In addition to being used for identification ofsoybean variety 90M01 and plant parts and plant cells of variety 90M01,the genetic profile may be used to identify a soybean plant producedthrough the use of 90M01 or to verify a pedigree for progeny plantsproduced through the use of 90M01. The genetic marker profile is alsouseful in breeding and developing backcross conversions.

The present invention comprises a soybean plant characterized bymolecular and physiological data obtained from the representative sampleof said variety deposited with the ATCC. Further provided by theinvention is a soybean plant formed by the combination of the disclosedsoybean plant or plant cell with another soybean plant or cell andcomprising the homozygous alleles of the variety.

Means of performing genetic marker profiles using SSR polymorphisms arewell known in the art. SSRs are genetic markers based on polymorphismsin repeated nucleotide sequences, such as microsatellites. A markersystem based on SSRs can be highly informative in linkage analysisrelative to other marker systems in that multiple alleles may bepresent. Another advantage of this type of marker is that, through useof flanking primers, detection of SSRs can be achieved, for example, bythe polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby eliminating the need forlabor-intensive Southern hybridization. The PCR detection is done by useof two oligonucleotide primers flanking the polymorphic segment ofrepetitive DNA. Repeated cycles of heat denaturation of the DNA followedby annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences at lowtemperatures, and extension of the annealed primers with DNA polymerase,comprise the major part of the methodology.

Following amplification, markers can be scored by electrophoresis of theamplification products. Scoring of marker genotype is based on the sizeof the amplified fragment, which may be measured by base pair weight ormolecular weight of the fragment. While variation in the primer used orin laboratory procedures can affect the reported fragment size, relativevalues should remain constant regardless of the specific primer orlaboratory used. When comparing varieties it is preferable if all SSRprofiles are performed in the same lab.

Primers used are publicly available and may be found in the Soybase orCregan supra. See also, PCT Publication No. WO 99/31964 NucleotidePolymorphisms in Soybean, U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,967 Positional Cloning ofSoybean Cyst Nematode Resistance Genes, and U.S. 2002/0129402A1 SoybeanSudden Death Syndrome Resistant Soybeans and Methods of Breeding andIdentifying Resistant Plants, the disclosure of which are incorporatedherein by reference.

The SSR profile of soybean plant 90M01 can be used to identify plantscomprising 90M01 as a parent, since such plants will comprise the samehomozygous alleles as 90M01. Because the soybean variety is essentiallyhomozygous at all relevant loci, most loci should have only one type ofallele present. In contrast, a genetic marker profile of an F1 progenyshould be the sum of those parents, e.g., if one parent was homozygousfor allele x at a particular locus, and the other parent homozygous forallele y at that locus, then the F1 progeny will be xy (heterozygous) atthat locus. Subsequent generations of progeny produced by selection andbreeding are expected to be of genotype x (homozygous), y (homozygous),or xy (heterozygous) for that locus position. When the F1 plant isselfed or sibbed for successive filial generations, the locus should beeither x or y for that position.

In addition, plants and plant parts substantially benefiting from theuse of 90M01 in their development, such as 90M01 comprising a backcrossconversion, transgene, or genetic sterility factor, may be identified byhaving a molecular marker profile with a high percent identity to 90M01.Such a percent identity might be 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9%identical to 90M01.

The SSR profile of 90M01 also can be used to identify essentiallyderived varieties and other progeny varieties developed from the use of90M01, as well as cells and other plant parts thereof. Such plants maybe developed using the markers identified in WO 00/31964, U.S. Pat. No.6,162,967 and US2002/0129402A1. Progeny plants and plant parts producedusing 90M01 may be identified by having a molecular marker profile of atleast 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 76%, 77%,78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%,92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% genetic contributionfrom soybean variety, as measured by either percent identity or percentsimilarity. Such progeny may be further characterized as being within apedigree distance of 90M01, such as within 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 or lesscross-pollinations to a soybean plant other than 90M01 or a plant thathas 90M01 as a progenitor. Unique molecular profiles may be identifiedwith other molecular tools such as SNPs and RFLPs.

While determining the SSR genetic marker profile of the plants describedsupra, several unique SSR profiles may also be identified which did notappear in either parent of such plant. Such unique SSR profiles mayarise during the breeding process from recombination or mutation. Acombination of several unique alleles provides a means of identifying aplant variety, an F1 progeny produced from such variety, and progenyproduced from such variety.

Introduction of a New Trait or Locus Into 90M01

Variety 90M01 represents a new base genetic variety into which a newlocus or trait may be introgressed. Direct transformation andbackcrossing represent two important methods that can be used toaccomplish such an introgression. The term backcross conversion andsingle locus conversion are used interchangeably to designate theproduct of a backcrossing program.

Backcross Conversions of 90M01

A backcross conversion of 90M01 occurs when DNA sequences are introducedthrough backcrossing (Hallauer et al, 1988), with 90M01 utilized as therecurrent parent. Both naturally occurring and transgenic DNA sequencesmay be introduced through backcrossing techniques. A backcrossconversion may produce a plant with a trait or locus conversion in atleast two or more backcrosses, including at least 2 crosses, at least 3crosses, at least 4 crosses, at least 5 crosses and the like. Molecularmarker assisted breeding or selection may be utilized to reduce thenumber of backcrosses necessary to achieve the backcross conversion. Forexample, see Openshaw, S. J. et al., Marker-assisted Selection inBackcross Breeding. In: Proceedings Symposium of the Analysis ofMolecular Data, August 1994, Crop Science Society of America, Corvallis,Oreg., where it is demonstrated that a backcross conversion can be madein as few as two backcrosses.

The complexity of the backcross conversion method depends on the type oftrait being transferred (single genes or closely linked genes as vs.unlinked genes), the level of expression of the trait, the type ofinheritance (cytoplasmic or nuclear) and the types of parents includedin the cross. It is understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat for single gene traits that are relatively easy to classify, thebackcross method is effective and relatively easy to manage. (SeeHallauer et al. in Corn and Corn Improvement, Sprague and Dudley, ThirdEd. 1998). Desired traits that may be transferred through backcrossconversion include, but are not limited to, sterility (nuclear andcytoplasmic), fertility restoration, nutritional enhancements, droughttolerance, nitrogen utilization, altered fatty acid profile, lowphytate, industrial enhancements, disease resistance (bacterial, fungalor viral), insect resistance and herbicide resistance. In addition, anintrogression site itself, such as an FRT site, Lox site or other sitespecific integration site, may be inserted by backcrossing and utilizedfor direct insertion of one or more genes of interest into a specificplant variety. In some embodiments of the invention, the number of locithat may be backcrossed into 90M01 is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 and/orno more than 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2. A single locus may contain severaltransgenes, such as a transgene for disease resistance that, in the sameexpression vector, also contains a transgene for herbicide resistance.The gene for herbicide resistance may be used as a selectable markerand/or as a phenotypic trait. A single locus conversion of site specificintegration system allows for the integration of multiple genes at theconverted loci.

The backcross conversion may result from either the transfer of adominant allele or a recessive allele. Selection of progeny containingthe trait of interest is accomplished by direct selection for a traitassociated with a dominant allele. Transgenes transferred viabackcrossing typically function as a dominant single gene trait and arerelatively easy to classify. Selection of progeny for a trait that istransferred via a recessive allele requires growing and selfing thefirst backcross generation to determine which plants carry the recessivealleles. Recessive traits may require additional progeny testing insuccessive backcross generations to determine the presence of the locusof interest. The last backcross generation is usually selfed to givepure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred, although abackcross conversion with a stably introgressed trait may also bemaintained by further backcrossing to the recurrent parent withselection for the converted trait.

Along with selection for the trait of interest, progeny are selected forthe phenotype of the recurrent parent. The backcross is a form ofinbreeding, and the features of the recurrent parent are automaticallyrecovered after successive backcrosses. Poehlman, Breeding Field Crops,P. 204 (1987). Poehlman suggests from one to four or more backcrosses,but as noted above, the number of backcrosses necessary can be reducedwith the use of molecular markers. Other factors, such as a geneticallysimilar donor parent, may also reduce the number of backcrossesnecessary. As noted by Poehlman, backcrossing is easiest for simplyinherited, dominant and easily recognized traits.

One process for adding or modifying a trait or locus in soybean variety90M01 comprises crossing 90M01 plants grown from 90M01 seed with plantsof another soybean variety that comprise the desired trait or locus,selecting F1 progeny plants that comprise the desired trait or locus toproduce selected F1 progeny plants, crossing the selected progeny plantswith the 90M01 plants to produce backcross progeny plants, selecting forbackcross progeny plants that have the desired trait or locus and themorphological characteristics of soybean variety 90M01 to produceselected backcross progeny plants; and backcrossing to 90M01 three ormore times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcrossprogeny plants that comprise said trait or locus. The modified 90M01 maybe further characterized as having the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of soybean variety 90M01 listed in Table 1 as determinedat the 5% significance level when grown in the same environmentalconditions and/or may be characterized by percent similarity or identityto 90M01 as determined by SSR markers. The above method may be utilizedwith fewer backcrosses in appropriate situations, such as when the donorparent is highly related or markers are used in the selection step.Desired traits that may be used include those nucleic acids known in theart, some of which are listed herein, that will affect traits throughnucleic acid expression or inhibition. Desired loci include theintrogression of FRT, Lox and other sites for site specific integration,which may also affect a desired trait if a functional nucleic acid isinserted at the integration site.

In addition, the above process and other similar processes describedherein may be used to produce first generation progeny soybean seed byadding a step at the end of the process that comprises crossing 90M01with the introgressed trait or locus with a different soybean plant andharvesting the resultant first generation progeny soybean seed.

Transformation

The advent of new molecular biological techniques has allowed theisolation and characterization of genetic elements with specificfunctions, such as encoding specific protein products. Scientists in thefield of plant biology developed a strong interest in engineering thegenome of plants to contain and express foreign genetic elements, oradditional, or modified versions of native or endogenous geneticelements in order to alter the traits of a plant in a specific manner.Any DNA sequences, whether from a different species or from the samespecies, which are inserted into the genome using transformation arereferred to herein collectively as “transgenes”. In some embodiments ofthe invention, a transformed variant of 90M01 may contain at least onetransgene but could contain at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10and/or no more than 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2.Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods for producingtransgenic plants have been developed, and the present invention alsorelates to transformed versions of the claimed soybean variety 90M01.

One embodiment of the invention is a process for producing soybeanvariety 90M01 further comprising a desired trait, said processcomprising transforming a soybean plant of variety 90M01 with atransgene that confers a desired trait. Another embodiment is theproduct produced by this process. In one embodiment the desired traitmay be one or more of herbicide resistance, insect resistance, diseaseresistance, decreased phytate, or modified fatty acid or carbohydratemetabolism. The specific gene may be any known in the art or listedherein, including; a polynucleotide conferring resistance toimidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate, triazine andbenzonitrile; a polynucleotide encoding a bacillus thuringiensispolypeptide, a polynucleotide encoding phytase, FAD-2, FAD-3, galactinolsynthase or a raffinose synthetic enzyme; or a polynucleotide conferringresistance to soybean cyst nematode, brown stem rot, phytophthora rootrot, soybean mosaic virus or sudden death syndrome.

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, includingbiological and physical plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick,B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88 and Armstrong, “The First Decade of Maize Transformation: A Reviewand Future Perspective” (Maydica 44:101-109, 1999). In addition,expression vectors and in vitro culture methods for plant cell or tissuetransformation and regeneration of plants are available. See, forexample, Gruber et al., “Vectors for Plant Transformation” in Methods inPlant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J.E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 89-119.

The most prevalent types of plant transformation involve theconstruction of an expression vector. Such a vector comprises a DNAsequence that contains a gene under the control of or operatively linkedto a regulatory element, for example a promoter. The vector may containone or more genes and one or more regulatory elements.

A genetic trait which has been engineered into the genome of aparticular soybean plant using transformation techniques, could be movedinto the genome of another variety using traditional breeding techniquesthat are well known in the plant breeding arts. For example, abackcrossing approach is commonly used to move a transgene from atransformed soybean variety into an already developed soybean variety,and the resulting backcross conversion plant would then comprise thetransgene(s).

Various genetic elements can be introduced into the plant genome usingtransformation. These elements include, but are not limited to genes;coding sequences; inducible, constitutive, and tissue specificpromoters; enhancing sequences; and signal and targeting sequences. Forexample, see the traits, genes and transformation methods listed in U.S.Pat. No. 6,118,055.

With transgenic plants according to the present invention, a foreignprotein can be produced in commercial quantities. Thus, techniques forthe selection and propagation of transformed plants, which are wellunderstood in the art, yield a plurality of transgenic plants that areharvested in a conventional manner, and a foreign protein then can beextracted from a tissue of interest or from total biomass. Proteinextraction from plant biomass can be accomplished by known methods whichare discussed, for example, by Heney and Orr, Anal. Biochem. 114: 92-6(1981).

A genetic map can be generated, primarily via conventional RestrictionFragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)analysis, Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) and Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNP) that identifies the approximate chromosomal locationof the integrated DNA molecule. For exemplary methodologies in thisregard, see Glick and Thompson, METHODS IN PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ANDBIOTECHNOLOGY 269-284 (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1993).

Wang et al. discuss “Large Scale Identification, Mapping and Genotypingof Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Genome”, Science,280:1077-1082, 1998, and similar capabilities are becoming increasinglyavailable for the soybean genome. Map information concerning chromosomallocation is useful for proprietary protection of a subject transgenicplant. If unauthorized propagation is undertaken and crosses made withother germplasm, the map of the integration region can be compared tosimilar maps for suspect plants to determine if the latter have a commonparentage with the subject plant. Map comparisons would involvehybridizations, RFLP, PCR, SSR and sequencing, all of which areconventional techniques. SNPs may also be used alone or in combinationwith other techniques.

Likewise, by means of the present invention, plants can be geneticallyengineered to express various phenotypes of agronomic interest. Throughthe transformation of soybean the expression of genes can be altered toenhance disease resistance, insect resistance, herbicide resistance,agronomic, grain quality and other traits. Transformation can also beused to insert DNA sequences which control or help controlmale-sterility. DNA sequences native to soybean as well as non-nativeDNA sequences can be transformed into soybean and used to alter levelsof native or non-native proteins. Various promoters, targetingsequences, enhancing sequences, and other DNA sequences can be insertedinto the genome for the purpose of altering the expression of proteins.Reduction of the activity of specific genes (also known as genesilencing, or gene suppression) is desirable for several aspects ofgenetic engineering in plants.

Many techniques for gene silencing are well known to one of skill in theart, including but not limited to knock-outs (such as by insertion of atransposable element such as mu (Vicki Chandler, The Maize Handbook ch.118 (Springer-Verlag 1994) or other genetic elements such as a FRT, Loxor other site specific integration site, antisense technology (see,e.g., Sheehy et al. (1988) PNAS USA 85:8805-8809; and U.S. Pat. Nos.5,107,065; 5,453, 566; and 5,759,829); co-suppression (e.g., Taylor(1997) Plant Cell 9:1245; Jorgensen (1990) Trends Biotech.8(12):340-344; Flavell (1994) PNAS USA 91:3490-3496; Finnegan et al.(1994) Bio/Technology 12: 883-888; and Neuhuber et al. (1994) Mol. Gen.Genet. 244:230-241); RNA interference (Napoli et al. (1990) Plant Cell2:279-289; U.S. Pat. No. 5,034,323; Sharp (1999) Genes Dev. 13:139-141;Zamore et al. (2000) Cell 101:25-33; and Montgomery et al. (1998) PNASUSA 95:15502-15507), virus-induced gene silencing (Burton, et al. (2000)Plant Cell 12:691-705; and Baulcombe (1999) Curr. Op. Plant Bio.2:109-113); target-RNA-specific ribozymes (Haseloff et al. (1988) Nature334: 585-591); hairpin structures (Smith et al. (2000) Nature407:319-320; WO 99/53050; and WO 98/53083); MicroRNA (Aukerman & Sakai(2003) Plant Cell 15:2730-2741); ribozymes (Steinecke et al. (1992) EMBOJ. 11:1525; and Perriman et al. (1993) Antisense Res. Dev. 3:253);oligonucleotide mediated targeted modification (e.g., WO 03/076574 andWO 99/25853); Zn-finger targeted molecules (e.g., WO 01/52620; WO03/048345; and WO 00/42219); and other methods or combinations of theabove methods known to those of skill in the art.

Exemplary nucleotide sequences that may be altered by geneticengineering include, but are not limited to, those categorized below.

-   1. Transgenes That Confer Resistance To Insects or Disease And That    Encode:    -   (A) Plant disease resistance genes. Plant defenses are often        activated by specific interaction between the product of a        disease resistance gene (R) in the plant and the product of a        corresponding avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. A plant        variety can be transformed with cloned resistance gene to        engineer plants that are resistant to specific pathogen strains.        See, for example Jones et al., Science 266: 789 (1994) (cloning        of the tomato Cf-9 gene for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum);        Martin et al., Science 262: 1432 (1993) (tomato Pto gene for        resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato encodes a protein        kinase); Mindrinos et al., Cell 78: 1089 (1994) (Arabidopsis        RSP2 gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae), McDowell &        Woffenden, (2003) Trends Biotechnol. 21(4): 178-83 and Toyoda et        al., (2002) Transgenic Res. 11 (6):567-82. A plant resistant to        a disease is one that is more resistant to a pathogen as        compared to the wild type plant.    -   (B) A Bacillus thuringiensis protein, a derivative thereof or a        synthetic polypeptide modeled thereon. See, for example, Geiser        et al., Gene 48: 109 (1986), who disclose the cloning and        nucleotide sequence of a Bt delta-endotoxin gene. Moreover, DNA        molecules encoding delta-endotoxin genes can be purchased from        American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.), for example,        under ATCC Accession Nos. 40098, 67136, 31995 and 31998. Other        examples of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenes being genetically        engineered are given in the following patents and patent        applications and hereby are incorporated by reference for this        purpose: U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,188,960; 5,689,052; 5,880,275; WO        91/14778; WO 99/31248; WO 01/12731; WO 99/24581; WO 97/40162 and        U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/032,717; 10/414,637; and        10/606,320.    -   (C) An insect-specific hormone or pheromone such as an        ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone, a variant thereof, a mimetic        based thereon, or an antagonist or agonist thereof. See, for        example, the disclosure by Hammock et al., Nature 344: 458        (1990), of baculovirus expression of cloned juvenile hormone        esterase, an inactivator of juvenile hormone.    -   (D) An insect-specific peptide which, upon expression, disrupts        the physiology of the affected pest. For example, see the        disclosures of Regan, J. Biol. Chem. 269: 9 (1994) (expression        cloning yields DNA coding for insect diuretic hormone receptor);        Pratt et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163: 1243 (1989) (an        allostatin is identified in Diploptera puntata); Chattopadhyay        et al. (2004) Critical Reviews in Microbiology 30 (1): 33-54        2004; Zjawiony (2004) J Nat Prod 67 (2): 300-310; Carlini &        Grossi-de-Sa (2002) Toxicon, 40 (11): 1515-1539; Ussuf et        al. (2001) Curr Sci. 80 (7): 847-853; and Vasconcelos &        Oliveira (2004) Toxicon 44 (4): 385-403. See also U.S. Pat. No.        5,266,317 to Tomalski et al., who disclose genes encoding        insect-specific toxins.    -   (E) An enzyme responsible for a hyperaccumulation of a        monterpene, a sesquiterpene, a steroid, hydroxamic acid, a        phenylpropanoid derivative or another non-protein molecule with        insecticidal activity.    -   (F) An enzyme involved in the modification, including the        post-translational modification, of a biologically active        molecule; for example, a glycolytic enzyme, a proteolytic        enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, a nuclease, a cyclase, a        transaminase, an esterase, a hydrolase, a phosphatase, a kinase,        a phosphorylase, a polymerase, an elastase, a chitinase and a        glucanase, whether natural or synthetic. See PCT application WO        93/02197 in the name of Scott et al., which discloses the        nucleotide sequence of a callase gene. DNA molecules which        contain chitinase-encoding sequences can be obtained, for        example, from the ATCC under Accession Nos. 39637 and 67152. See        also Kramer et al., Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 23: 691 (1993),        who teach the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding tobacco        hookworm chitinase, and Kawalleck et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21:        673 (1993), who provide the nucleotide sequence of the parsley        ubi4-2 polyubiquitin gene, U.S. application Ser. Nos.        10/389,432, 10/692,367, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,020.    -   (G) A molecule that stimulates signal transduction. For example,        see the disclosure by Botella et al., Plant Molec. Biol. 24: 757        (1994), of nucleotide sequences for mung bean calmodulin cDNA        clones, and Griess et al., Plant Physiol. 104: 1467 (1994), who        provide the nucleotide sequence of a maize calmodulin cDNA        clone.    -   (H) A hydrophobic moment peptide. See PCT application WO        95/16776 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,852 disclosure of peptide        derivatives of Tachyplesin which inhibit fungal plant pathogens)        and PCT application WO 95/18855 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,914        (teaches synthetic antimicrobial peptides that confer disease        resistance).    -   (I) A membrane permease, a channel former or a channel blocker.        For example, see the disclosure by Jaynes et al., Plant Sci. 89:        43 (1993), of heterologous expression of a cecropin-beta lytic        peptide analog to render transgenic tobacco plants resistant to        Pseudomonas solanacearum.    -   (J) A viral-invasive protein or a complex toxin derived        therefrom. For example, the accumulation of viral coat proteins        in transformed plant cells imparts resistance to viral infection        and/or disease development effected by the virus from which the        coat protein gene is derived, as well as by related viruses. See        Beachy et al., Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 28: 451 (1990). Coat        protein-mediated resistance has been conferred upon transformed        plants against alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus,        tobacco streak virus, potato virus X, potato virus Y, tobacco        etch virus, tobacco rattle virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Id.    -   (K) An insect-specific antibody or an immunotoxin derived        therefrom. Thus, an antibody targeted to a critical metabolic        function in the insect gut would inactivate an affected enzyme,        killing the insect. Cf. Taylor et al., Abstract #497, SEVENTH        INT'L SYMPOSIUM ON MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS        (Edinburgh, Scotland, 1994) (enzymatic inactivation in        transgenic tobacco via production of single-chain antibody        fragments).    -   (L) A virus-specific antibody. See, for example, Tavladoraki et        al., Nature 366: 469 (1993), who show that transgenic plants        expressing recombinant antibody genes are protected from virus        attack.    -   (M) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a        pathogen or a parasite. Thus, fungal endo        alpha-1,4-D-polygalacturonases facilitate fungal colonization        and plant nutrient release by solubilizing plant cell wall        homo-alpha-1,4-D-galacturonase. See Lamb et al., Bio/Technology        10: 1436 (1992). The cloning and characterization of a gene        which encodes a bean endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein is        described by Toubart et al., Plant J. 2: 367 (1992).    -   (N) A developmental-arrestive protein produced in nature by a        plant. For example, Logemann et al., Bio/Technology 10: 305        (1992), have shown that transgenic plants expressing the barley        ribosome-inactivating gene have an increased resistance to        fungal disease.

(O) Genes involved in the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) Responseand/or the pathogenesis related genes. Briggs, S., Current Biology, 5(2)(1995), Pieterse & Van Loon (2004) Curr. Opin. Plant Bio. 7(4):456-64and Somssich (2003) Cell 113(7):815-6.

-   -   (P) Antifungal genes (Cornelissen and Melchers, PI. Physiol.        101:709-712, (1993) and Parijs et al., Planta        183:258-264, (1991) and Bushnell et al., Can. J. of Plant Path.        20(2):137-149 (1998). Also see U.S. application Ser. No.        09/950,933.    -   (Q) Detoxification genes, such as for fumonisin, beauvericin,        moniliformin and zearalenone and their structurally related        derivatives. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 5,792,931.    -   (R) Cystatin and cysteine proteinase inhibitors. See U.S.        application Ser. No. 10/947/979.    -   (S) Defensin genes. See WO03000863 and U.S. application Ser. No.        10/178,213.    -   (T) Genes conferring resistance to nematodes, and in particular        soybean cyst nematodes. See e.g. PCT Application WO96/30517; PCT        Application WO93/19181, WO 03/033651 and Urwin et al., Planta        204:472-479 (1998), Williamson (1999) Curr Opin Plant Bio.        2(4):327-31.    -   (U) Genes that confer resistance to Phytophthora Root Rot, such        as the Rps 1, Rps 1-a, Rps 1-b, Rps 1-c, Rps 1-d, Rps 1-e, Rps        1-k, Rps 2, Rps 3-a, Rps 3-b, Rps 3-c, Rps 4, Rps 5, Rps 6, Rps        7 and other Rps genes. See, for example, Shoemaker et al,        Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance Gene Mapping in Soybean, Plant        Genome IV Conference, San Diego, Calif. (1995).    -   (V) Genes that confer resistance to Brown Stem Rot, such as        described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,689,035 and incorporated by        reference for this purpose.

-   2. Transgenes That Confer Resistance To A Herbicide, For Example:    -   (A) A herbicide that inhibits the growing point or meristem,        such as an imidazolinone or a sulfonylurea. Exemplary genes in        this category code for mutant ALS and AHAS enzyme as described,        for example, by Lee et al., EMBO J. 7:1241 (1988), and Miki et        al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 80: 449 (1990), respectively. See also,        U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,605,011; 5,013,659; 5,141,870; 5,767,361;        5,731,180; 5,304,732; 4,761,373; 5,331,107; 5,928,937; and        5,378,824; and international publication WO 96/33270, which are        incorporated herein by reference for this purpose.    -   (B) Glyphosate (resistance imparted by mutant        5-enolpyruvl-3-phosphikimate synthase (EPSP) and aroA genes,        respectively) and other phosphono compounds such as glufosinate        (phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and Streptomyces        hygroscopicus phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) genes),        and pyridinoxy or phenoxy proprionic acids and cycloshexones        (ACCase inhibitor-encoding genes). See, for example, U.S. Pat.        No. 4,940,835 to Shah et al., which discloses the nucleotide        sequence of a form of EPSPS which can confer glyphosate        resistance. U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,061 to Barry et al. also        describes genes encoding EPSPS enzymes. See also U.S. Pat. Nos.        6,566,587; 6,338,961; 6,248,876 B1; 6,040,497; 5,804,425;        5,633,435; 5,145,783; 4,971,908; 5,312,910; 5,188,642;        4,940,835; 5,866,775; 6,225,114 B1; 6,130,366; 5,310,667;        4,535,060; 4,769,061; 5,633,448; 5,510,471; Re. 36,449; RE        37,287 E; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,491,288; and international        publications EP1173580; WO 01/66704; EP1173581 and EP1173582,        which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose.        Glyphosate resistance is also imparted to plants that express a        gene that encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme as        described more fully in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,776,760 and 5,463,175,        which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose. In        addition glyphosate resistance can be imparted to plants by the        over expression of genes encoding glyphosate        N-acetyltransferase. See, for example, U.S. application Ser.        Nos. 01/46227; 10/427,692 and 10/427,692. A DNA molecule        encoding a mutant aroA gene can be obtained under ATCC accession        No. 39256, and the nucleotide sequence of the mutant gene is        disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,769,061 to Comai. European Patent        Application No. 0 333 033 to Kumada et al. and U.S. Pat. No.        4,975,374 to Goodman et al. disclose nucleotide sequences of        glutamine synthetase genes which confer resistance to herbicides        such as L-phosphinothricin. The nucleotide sequence of a        phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase gene is provided in European        Patent No. 0 242 246 and 0 242 236 to Leemans et al. De Greef et        al., Bio/Technology 7: 61 (1989), describe the production of        transgenic plants that express chimeric bar genes coding for        phosphinothricin acetyl transferase activity. See also, U.S.        Pat. Nos. 5,969,213; 5,489,520; 5,550,318; 5,874,265; 5,919,675;        5,561,236; 5,648,477; 5,646,024; 6,177,616 B1; and 5,879,903,        which are incorporated herein by reference for this purpose.        Exemplary genes conferring resistance to phenoxy proprionic        acids and cycloshexones, such as sethoxydim and haloxyfop, are        the Acc1, Acc1-S2 and Acc1-S3 genes described by Marshall et        al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 83: 435 (1992).    -   (C) A herbicide that inhibits photosynthesis, such as a triazine        (psbA and gs+genes) and a benzonitrile (nitrilase gene).        Przibilla et al., Plant Cell 3: 169 (1991), describe the        transformation of Chlamydomonas with plasmids encoding mutant        psbA genes. Nucleotide sequences for nitrilase genes are        disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,648 to Stalker, and DNA        molecules containing these genes are available under ATCC        Accession Nos. 53435, 67441 and 67442. Cloning and expression of        DNA coding for a glutathione S-transferase is described by Hayes        et al., Biochem. J. 285:173 (1992).    -   (D) Acetohydroxy acid synthase, which has been found to make        plants that express this enzyme resistant to multiple types of        herbicides, has been introduced into a variety of plants (see,        e.g., Hattori et al. (1995) Mol Gen Genet 246:419). Other genes        that confer resistance to herbicides include: a gene encoding a        chimeric protein of rat cytochrome P4507A1 and yeast        NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (Shiota et al. (1994) Plant        Physiol 106:17), genes for glutathione reductase and superoxide        dismutase (Aono et al. (1995) Plant Cell Physiol 36:1687, and        genes for various phosphotransferases (Datta et al. (1992) Plant        Mol Biol 20:619).    -   (E) Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox) is necessary for the        production of chlorophyll, which is necessary for all plant        survival. The protox enzyme serves as the target for a variety        of herbicidal compounds. These herbicides also inhibit growth of        all the different species of plants present, causing their total        destruction. The development of plants containing altered protox        activity which are resistant to these herbicides are described        in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,288,306 B1; 6,282,837 B1; and 5,767,373; and        international publication WO 01/12825.

-   3. Transgenes That Confer Or Contribute To an Altered Grain    Characteristic, Such As:    -   (A) Altered fatty acids, for example, by        -   (1) Down-regulation of stearoyl-ACP desaturase to increase            stearic acid content of the plant. See Knultzon et al.,            Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 2624 (1992) and WO99/64579            (Genes for Desaturases to Alter Lipid Profiles in Corn),        -   (2) Elevating oleic acid via FAD-2 gene modification and/or            decreasing linolenic acid via FAD-3 gene modification (see            U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,063,947; 6,323,392; 6,372,965 and WO            93/11245),        -   (3) Altering conjugated linolenic or linoleic acid content,            such as in WO 01/12800,        -   (4) Altering LEC1, AGP, Dek1, Superal1,mi1ps, various Ipa            genes such as Ipa1, Ipa3, hpt or hggt. For example, see WO            02/42424, WO 98/22604, WO 03/011015, U.S. Pat. No.            6,423,886, U.S. Pat. No. 6,197,561, U.S. Pat. No. 6,825,397,            U.S. 2003/0079247, U.S. 2003/0204870, WO02/057439,            WO03/011015 and Rivera-Madrid, R. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad.            Sci. 92:5620-5624 (1995).    -   (B) Altered phosphorus content, for example, by the        -   (1) Introduction of a phytase-encoding gene would enhance            breakdown of phytate, adding more free phosphate to the            transformed plant. For example, see Van Hartingsveldt et            al., Gene 127: 87 (1993), for a disclosure of the nucleotide            sequence of an Aspergillus niger phytase gene.            -   (2) Up-regulation of a gene that reduces phytate                content. In maize, this, for example, could be                accomplished, by cloning and then re-introducing DNA                associated with one or more of the alleles, such as the                LPA alleles, identified in maize mutants characterized                by low levels of phytic acid, such as in Raboy et al.,                Maydica 35: 383 (1990) and/or by altering inositol                kinase activity as in WO 02/059324, U.S. 2003/0009011,                WO 03/027243, U.S. 2003/0079247, WO 99/05298, U.S. Pat.                No. 6,197,561, U.S. Pat. No. 6,291,224, U.S. Pat. No.                6,391,348, WO2002/059324, U.S. 2003/0079247, WO98/45448,                WO99/55882, WO01/04147.    -   (C) Altered carbohydrates effected, for example, by altering a        gene for an enzyme that affects the branching pattern of starch,        a gene altering thioredoxin. (See U.S. Pat. No. 6,531,648). See        Shiroza et al., J. Bacteriol. 170: 810 (1988) (nucleotide        sequence of Streptococcus mutans fructosyltransferase gene),        Steinmetz et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 200:220 (1985) (nucleotide        sequence of Bacillus subtilis levansucrase gene), Pen et al.,        Bio/Technology 10:292 (1992) (production of transgenic plants        that express Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase), Elliot et        al., Plant Molec. Biol. 21: 515 (1993) (nucleotide sequences of        tomato invertase genes), Søgaard et al., J. Biol. Chem. 268:        22480 (1993) (site-directed mutagenesis of barley alpha-amylase        gene), and Fisher et al., Plant Physiol. 102: 1045 (1993) (maize        endosperm starch branching enzyme II), WO 99/10498 (improved        digestibility and/or starch extraction through modification of        UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase, Fragile 1 and 2, Ref1, HCHL, C4H),        U.S. Pat. No. 6,232,529 (method of producing high oil seed by        modification of starch levels (AGP)). The fatty acid        modification genes mentioned above may also be used to affect        starch content and/or composition through the interrelationship        of the starch and oil pathways.    -   (D) Altered antioxidant content or composition, such as        alteration of tocopherol or tocotrienols. For example, see U.S.        Pat. No. 6,787,683, U.S. 2004/0034886 and WO 00/68393 involving        the manipulation of antioxidant levels through alteration of a        phytl prenyl transferase (ppt), WO 03/082899 through alteration        of a homogentisate geranyl geranyl transferase (hggt).    -   (E) Altered essential seed amino acids. For example, see U.S.        Pat. No. 6,127,600 (method of increasing accumulation of        essential amino acids in seeds), U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,913 (binary        methods of increasing accumulation of essential amino acids in        seeds), U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,389 (high lysine), WO99/40209        (alteration of amino acid compositions in seeds), WO99/29882        (methods for altering amino acid content of proteins), U.S. Pat.        No. 5,850,016 (alteration of amino acid compositions in seeds),        WO98/20133 (proteins with enhanced levels of essential amino        acids), U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,802 (high methionine), U.S. Pat. No.        5,885,801 (high threonine), U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,445 (plant amino        acid biosynthetic enzymes), U.S. Pat. No. 6,459,019 (increased        lysine and threonine), U.S. Pat. No. 6,441,274 (plant tryptophan        synthase beta subunit), U.S. Pat. No. 6,346,403 (methionine        metabolic enzymes), U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,599 (high sulfur), U.S.        Pat. No. 5,912,414 (increased methionine), WO98/56935 (plant        amino acid biosynthetic enzymes), WO98/45458 (engineered seed        protein having higher percentage of essential amino acids),        WO98/42831 (increased lysine), U.S. Pat. No. 5,633,436        (increasing sulfur amino acid content), U.S. Pat. No. 5,559,223        (synthetic storage proteins with defined structure containing        programmable levels of essential amino acids for improvement of        the nutritional value of plants), WO96/01905 (increased        threonine), WO95/15392 (increased lysine), U.S. 2003/0163838,        U.S. 2003/0150014, U.S. 2004/0068767, U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,498,        WO01/79516, and WO00/09706 (Ces A: cellulose synthase), U.S.        Pat. No. 6,194,638 (hemicellulose), U.S. Pat. No. 6,399,859 and        U.S. 2004/0025203 (UDPGdH), U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,638 (RGP).

-   4. Genes That Control Male-Sterility

There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterilityavailable, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations withinthe genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations asdescribed by Patterson in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. Inaddition to these methods, Albertsen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,432,068,describe a system of nuclear male sterility which includes: identifyinga gene which is critical to male fertility; silencing this native genewhich is critical to male fertility; removing the native promoter fromthe essential male fertility gene and replacing it with an induciblepromoter; inserting this genetically engineered gene back into theplant; and thus creating a plant that is male sterile because theinducible promoter is not “on” resulting in the male fertility gene notbeing transcribed. Fertility is restored by inducing, or turning “on”,the promoter, which in turn allows the gene that confers male fertilityto be transcribed.

-   -   (A) Introduction of a deacetylase gene under the control of a        tapeturn-specific promoter and with the application of the        chemical N-Ac-PPT (WO 01/29237).    -   (B) Introduction of various stamen-specific promoters (WO        92/13956, WO 92/13957).    -   (C) Introduction of the barnase and the barstar gene (Paul et        al. Plant Mol. Biol. 19:611-622,1992).

For additional examples of nuclear male and female sterility systems andgenes, see also, U.S. Pat. No. 5,859,341; U.S. Pat. No. 6,297,426; U.S.Pat. No. 5,478,369; U.S. Pat. No. 5,824,524; U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,014;and U.S. Pat. No. 6,265,640; all of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

-   5. Genes that create a site for site specific DNA integration. This    includes the introduction of FRT sites that may be used in the    FLP/FRT system and/or Lox sites that may be used in the Cre/Loxp    system. For example, see Lyznik, et al., Site-Specific Recombination    for Genetic Engineering in Plants, Plant Cell Rep (2003) 21:925-932    and WO 99/25821, which are hereby incorporated by reference. Other    systems that may be used include the Gin recombinase of phage Mu    (Maeser et al., 1991; Vicki Chandler, The Maize Handbook ch. 118    (Springer-Verlag 1994), the Pin recombinase of E. coli (Enomoto et    al., 1983), and the R/RS system of the pSR1 plasmid (Araki et al.,    1992).-   6. Genes that affect abiotic stress resistance (including but not    limited to flowering, ear and seed development, enhancement of    nitrogen utilization efficiency, altered nitrogen responsiveness,    drought resistance or tolerance, cold resistance or tolerance, and    salt resistance or tolerance) and increased yield under stress. For    example, see: WO 00/73475 where water use efficiency is altered    through alteration of malate; U.S. Pat. No. 5,892,009, U.S. Pat. No.    5,965,705, U.S. Pat. No. 5,929,305, U.S. Pat. No. 5,891,859, U.S.    Pat. No. 6,417,428, U.S. Pat. No. 6,664,446, U.S. Pat. No.    6,706,866, U.S. Pat. No. 6,717,034, U.S. Pat. No. 6,801,104,    WO2000060089, WO2001026459, WO2001035725, WO2001034726,    WO2001035727, WO2001036444, WO2001036597, WO2001036598,    WO2002015675, WO2002017430, WO2002077185, WO2002079403,    WO2003013227, WO2003013228, WO2003014327, WO2004031349,    WO2004076638, WO9809521, and WO9938977 describing genes, including    CBF genes and transcription factors effective in mitigating the    negative effects of freezing, high salinity, and drought on plants,    as well as conferring other positive effects on plant phenotype;    U.S. 2004/0148654 and WO01/36596 where abscisic acid is altered in    plants resulting in improved plant phenotype such as increased yield    and/or increased tolerance to abiotic stress; WO2000/006341,    WO04/090143, U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/817,483 and 09/545,334    where cytokinin expression is modified resulting in plants with    increased stress tolerance, such as drought tolerance, and/or    increased yield. Also see WO0202776, WO2003052063, JP2002281975,    U.S. Pat. No. 6,084,153, WO0164898, U.S. Pat. No. 6,177,275, and    U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,547 (enhancement of nitrogen utilization and    altered nitrogen responsiveness). For ethylene alteration, see U.S.    20040128719, U.S. 20030166197 and WO200032761. For plant    transcription factors or transcriptjonal regulators of abiotic    stress, see e.g. U.S. 20040098764 or U.S. 20040078852.

Other genes and transcription factors that affect plant growth andagronomic traits such as yield, flowering, plant growth and/or plantstructure, can be introduced or introgressed into plants, see e.g.WO97/49811 (LHY), WO98/56918 (ESD4), WO97/10339 and U.S. Pat. No.6,573,430 (TFL), U.S. Pat. No. 6,713,663 (FT), WO96/14414 (CON),WO96/38560, WO01/21822 (VRN1), WO00/44918 (VRN2), WO99/49064 (GI),WO00/46358 (FR1), WO97/29123, U.S. Pat. No. 6,794,560, U.S. Pat. No.6,307,126 (GAI), WO99/09174 (D8 and Rht), and WO2004076638 andWO2004031349 (transcription factors).

Using 90M01 to Develop Other Soybean Varieties

Soybean varieties such as 90M01 are typically developed for use in seedand grain production. However, soybean varieties such as 90M01 alsoprovide a source of breeding material that may be used to develop newsoybean varieties. Plant breeding techniques known in the art and usedin a soybean plant breeding program include, but are not limited to,recurrent selection, mass selection, bulk selection, mass selection,backcrossing, pedigree breeding, open pollination breeding, restrictionfragment length polymorphism enhanced selection, genetic marker enhancedselection, making double haploids, and transformation. Oftencombinations of these techniques are used. The development of soybeanvarieties in a plant breeding program requires, in general, thedevelopment and evaluation of homozygous varieties. There are manyanalytical methods available to evaluate a new variety. The oldest andmost traditional method of analysis is the observation of phenotypictraits but genotypic analysis may also be used.

Using 90M01 in a Breeding Program

This invention is directed to methods for producing a soybean plant bycrossing a first parent soybean plant with a second parent soybean plantwherein either the first or second parent soybean plant is variety90M01. The other parent may be any other soybean plant, such as asoybean plant that is part of a synthetic or natural population. Anysuch methods using soybean variety 90M01 are part of this invention:selfing, sibbing, backcrosses, mass selection, pedigree breeding, bulkselection, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like.These methods are well known in the art and some of the more commonlyused breeding methods are described below. Descriptions of breedingmethods can be found in one of several reference books (e.g., Allard,Principles of Plant Breeding, 1960; Simmonds, Principles of CropImprovement, 1979; Sneep et al., 1979; Fehr, “Breeding Methods forCultivar Development”, Chapter 7, Soybean Improvement, Production andUses, 2^(nd) ed., Wilcox editor, 1987).

Pedigree Breeding

Pedigree breeding starts with the crossing of two genotypes, such as90M01 and another soybean variety having one or more desirablecharacteristics that is lacking or which complements 90M01. If the twooriginal parents do not provide all the desired characteristics, othersources can be included in the breeding population. In the pedigreemethod, superior plants are selfed and selected in successive filialgenerations. In the succeeding filial generations the heterozygouscondition gives way to homogeneous varieties as a result ofself-pollination and selection. Typically in the pedigree method ofbreeding, five or more successive filial generations of selfing andselection is practiced: F1→F2; F2→F3; F3→F4; F4→F₅, etc. After asufficient amount of inbreeding, successive filial generations willserve to increase seed of the developed variety. Preferably, thedeveloped variety comprises homozygous alleles at about 95% or more ofits loci.

In addition to being used to create a backcross conversion, backcrossingcan also be used in combination with pedigree breeding. As discussedpreviously, backcrossing can be used to transfer one or morespecifically desirable traits from one variety, the donor parent, to adeveloped variety called the recurrent parent, which has overall goodagronomic characteristics yet lacks that desirable trait or traits.However, the same procedure can be used to move the progeny toward thegenotype of the recurrent parent but at the same time retain manycomponents of the non-recurrent parent by stopping the backcrossing atan early stage and proceeding with selfing and selection. For example, asoybean variety may be crossed with another variety to produce a firstgeneration progeny plant. The first generation progeny plant may then bebackcrossed to one of its parent varieties to create a BC1 or BC2.Progeny are selfed and selected so that the newly developed variety hasmany of the attributes of the recurrent parent and yet several of thedesired attributes of the non-recurrent parent. This approach leveragesthe value and strengths of the recurrent parent for use in new soybeanvarieties.

Therefore, an embodiment of this invention is a method of making abackcross conversion of soybean variety 90M01, comprising the steps ofcrossing a plant of soybean variety 90M01 with a donor plant comprisinga desired trait, selecting an F1 progeny plant comprising the desiredtrait, and backcrossing the selected F1 progeny plant to a plant ofsoybean variety 90M01. This method may further comprise the step ofobtaining a molecular marker profile of soybean variety 90M01 and usingthe molecular marker profile to select for a progeny plant with thedesired trait and the molecular marker profile of 90M01. In oneembodiment the desired trait is a mutant gene or transgene present inthe donor parent.

Recurrent Selection and Mass Selection

Recurrent selection is a method used in a plant breeding program toimprove a population of plants. 90M01 is suitable for use in a recurrentselection program. The method entails individual plants crosspollinating with each other to form progeny. The progeny are grown andthe superior progeny selected by any number of selection methods, whichinclude individual plant, half-sib progeny, full-sib progeny and selfedprogeny. The selected progeny are cross pollinated with each other toform progeny for another population. This population is planted andagain superior plants are selected to cross pollinate with each other.Recurrent selection is a cyclical process and therefore can be repeatedas many times as desired. The objective of recurrent selection is toimprove the traits of a population. The improved population can then beused as a source of breeding material to obtain new varieties forcommercial or breeding use, including the production of a syntheticcultivar. A synthetic cultivar is the resultant progeny formed by theintercrossing of several selected varieties.

Mass selection is a useful technique when used in conjunction withmolecular marker enhanced selection. In mass selection seeds fromindividuals are selected based on phenotype or genotype. These selectedseeds are then bulked and used to grow the next generation. Bulkselection requires growing a population of plants in a bulk plot,allowing the plants to self-pollinate, harvesting the seed in bulk andthen using a sample of the seed harvested in bulk to plant the nextgeneration. Also, instead of self pollination, directed pollinationcould be used as part of the breeding program.

Mutation Breeding

Mutation breeding is another method of introducing new traits intosoybean variety 90M01. Mutations that occur spontaneously or areartificially induced can be useful sources of variability for a plantbreeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase the rate ofmutation for a desired characteristic. Mutation rates can be increasedby many different means including temperature, long-term seed storage,tissue culture conditions, radiation; such as X-rays, Gamma rays (e.g.cobalt 60 or cesium 137), neutrons, (product of nuclear fission byuranium 235 in an atomic reactor), Beta radiation (emitted fromradioisotopes such as phosphorus 32 or carbon 14), or ultravioletradiation (preferably from 2500 to 2900 nm), or chemical mutagens (suchas base analogues (5-bromo-uracil), related compounds (8-ethoxycaffeine), antibiotics (streptonigrin), alkylating agents (sulfurmustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethylenamines, sulfates,sulfonates, sulfones, lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, oracridines. Once a desired trait is observed through mutagenesis thetrait may then be incorporated into existing germplasm by traditionalbreeding techniques. Details of mutation breeding can be found in“Principles of Cultivar Development” Fehr, 1993 Macmillan PublishingCompany. In addition, mutations created in other soybean plants may beused to produce a backcross conversion of 90M01 that comprises suchmutation.

Breeding with Molecular Markers

Molecular markers, which includes markers identified through the use oftechniques such as Isozyme Electrophoresis, Restriction Fragment LengthPolymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs),Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR), DNA AmplificationFingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs),Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence Repeats(SSRs) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), may be used in plantbreeding methods utilizing 90M01.

Isozyme Electrophoresis and RFLPs have been widely used to determinegenetic composition. Shoemaker and Olsen, ((1993) Molecular Linkage Mapof Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). p. 6.131-6.138. In S. J. O'Brien(ed.) Genetic Maps: Locus Maps of Complex Genomes. Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), developed a moleculargenetic linkage map that consisted of 25 linkage groups with about 365RFLP, 11 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), three classicalmarkers, and four isozyme loci. See also, Shoemaker R. C. 1994 RFLP Mapof Soybean. P. 299-309 In R. L. Phillips and I. K. Vasil (ed.) DNA-basedmarkers in plants. Kluwer Academic Press Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

SSR technology is currently the most efficient and practical markertechnology; more marker loci can be routinely used and more alleles permarker locus can be found using SSRs in comparison to RFLPs. For exampleDiwan and Cregan, described a highly polymorphic microsatellite loci insoybean with as many as 26 alleles. (Diwan, N., and P. B. Cregan 1997Automated sizing of fluorescent-labeled simple sequence repeat (SSR)markers to assay genetic variation in Soybean Theor. Appl. Genet.95:220-225.) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms may also be used toidentify the unique genetic composition of the invention and progenyvarieties retaining that unique genetic composition. Various molecularmarker techniques may be used in combination to enhance overallresolution.

Soybean DNA molecular marker linkage maps have been rapidly constructedand widely implemented in genetic studies. One such study is describedin Cregan et. al, “An Integrated Genetic Linkage Map of the SoybeanGenome” Crop Science 39:1464-1490 (1999). Sequences and PCR conditionsof SSR Loci in Soybean as well as the most current genetic map may befound in Soybase on the world wide web.

One use of molecular markers is Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping.QTL mapping is the use of markers, which are known to be closely linkedto alleles that have measurable effects on a quantitative trait.Selection in the breeding process is based upon the accumulation ofmarkers linked to the positive effecting alleles and/or the eliminationof the markers linked to the negative effecting alleles from the plant'sgenome.

Molecular markers can also be used during the breeding process for theselection of qualitative traits. For example, markers closely linked toalleles or markers containing sequences within the actual alleles ofinterest can be used to select plants that contain the alleles ofinterest during a backcrossing breeding program. The markers can also beused to select for the genome of the recurrent parent and against thegenome of the donor parent. Using this procedure can minimize the amountof genome from the donor parent that remains in the selected plants. Itcan also be used to reduce the number of crosses back to the recurrentparent needed in a backcrossing program. The use of molecular markers inthe selection process is often called genetic marker enhanced selection.

Production of Double Haploids

The production of double haploids can also be used for the developmentof plants with a homozygous phenotype in the breeding program. Forexample, a soybean plant for which 90M01 is a parent can be used toproduce double haploid plants. Double haploids are produced by thedoubling of a set of chromosomes (1 N) from a heterozygous plant toproduce a completely homozygous individual. For example, see Wan et al.,“Efficient Production of Doubled Haploid Plants Through ColchicineTreatment of Anther-Derived Maize Callus”, Theoretical and AppliedGenetics, 77:889-892, 1989 and U.S. 2003/0005479. This can beadvantageous because the process omits the generations of selfing neededto obtain a homozygous plant from a heterozygous source.

Thus, an embodiment of this invention is a process for making asubstantially homozygous 90M01 progeny plant by producing or obtaining aseed from the cross of 90M01 and another soybean plant and applyingdouble haploid methods to the F1 seed or F1 plant or to any successivefilial generation. Based on studies in maize and currently beingconducted in soybean, such methods would decrease the number ofgenerations required to produce a variety with similar genetics orcharacteristics to 90M01. See Bernardo, R. and Kahler, A. L., Theor.Appl. Genet. 102:986-992, 2001.

In particular, a process of making seed retaining the molecular markerprofile of soybean variety 90M01 is contemplated, such processcomprising obtaining or producing F1 seed for which soybean variety90M01 is a parent, inducing doubled haploids to create progeny withoutthe occurrence of meiotic segregation, obtaining the molecular markerprofile of soybean variety 90M01, and selecting progeny that retain themolecular marker profile of 90M01.

Use of 90M01 in Tissue Culture

This invention is also directed to the use of variety 90M01 in tissueculture. Tissue culture of various tissues of soybeans and regenerationof plants therefrom is well known and widely published. For example,reference may be had to Komatsuda, T. et al., “Genotype X SucroseInteractions for Somatic Embryogenesis in Soybean,” Crop Sci. 31:333-337(1991); Stephens, P. A. et al., “Agronomic Evaluation ofTissue-Culture-Derived Soybean Plants,” Theor. Appl. Genet. (1991)82:633-635; Komatsuda, T. et al., “Maturation and Germination of SomaticEmbryos as Affected by Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulators in SoybeansGlycine gracilis Skvortz and Glycine max (L.) Merr.,” Plant Cell, Tissueand Organ Culture, 28:103-113 (1992); Dhir, S. et al., “Regeneration ofFertile Plants from Protoplasts of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.):Genotypic Differences in Culture Response,” Plant Cell Reports (1992)11:285-289; Pandey, P. et al., “Plant Regeneration from Leaf andHypocotyl Explants of Glycine wightii (W. and A.) VERDC. var.longicauda,” Japan J. Breed. 42:1-5 (1992); and Shetty, K., et al.,“Stimulation of In Vitro Shoot Organogenesis in Glycine max (Merrill.)by Allantoin and Amides,” Plant Science 81:(1992) 245-251; as well asU.S. Pat. No. 5,024,944, issued Jun. 18, 1991 to Collins et al. and U.S.Pat. No. 5,008,200, issued Apr. 16, 1991 to Ranch et al., thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety byreference. Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cellswhich upon growth and differentiation produce soybean plants having thephysiological and morphological characteristics of soybean variety90M01.

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Applicant will make a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Soybean Variety90M01 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, Va.20110 USA, ATCC Deposit No. ______. The seeds to be deposited with theATCC on ______ will be taken from the deposit maintained by PioneerHi-Bred International, Inc., 7100 NW 62^(nd) Avenue, Johnston, Iowa50131 since prior to the filing date of this application. Access to thisdeposit will be available during the pendency of the application to theCommissioner of Patents and Trademarks and persons determined by theCommissioner to be entitled thereto upon request. Upon allowance of anyclaims in the application, the Applicant will make the deposit availableto the public pursuant to 37 C.F.R. §1.808. This deposit of SoybeanVariety 90M01 will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is apublic depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the mostrecent request, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever islonger, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period.Additionally, Applicant has or will satisfy all the requirements of 37C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viabilityof the sample upon deposit. Applicant has no authority to waive anyrestrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material orits transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive anyinfringement of their rights granted under this patent or under thePlant Variety Protection Act (7 USC 2321 et seq.). TABLE 1 VarietyDescription Information 90M01 Yield Potential YLD/RM   9 RelativeMaturity (RM) RM   0 Canadian HU CHU Herbicide Resistance RR, STS RRHarvest Standability LDGSEV   9 Field Emergence EMGSC   8 HypocotylLength HYPLSC   9 Hypocotyl Length L Phytophthora Gene PRGENE 1KPhytophthora Race 4 Resistant Phytophthora Race 7 Resistant PhytophthoraRace 25 Susceptible Phytophthora Field PRT   6 Tolerance Brown Stem RotBSR   6 Iron Chlorosis FEC   7 White Mold WHMD Cyst Nematode Race 1 SCN1Cyst Nematode Race 2 SCN2 Cyst Nematode Race 3 SCN3 Cyst Nematode Race 5SCN5 Cyst Nematode Race 14 SCN14 Sudden Death Syndrome SDS Root-knotNematode- RKI Southern Root-knot Nematode - RKA Peanut Stem Canker CNKRFrogeye Leaf Spot FEY Aerial Web Blight AERBLT Reduced Tillage NOTILL  9 Adaptability Canopy Width CW   4 (9 = wide) Shattering SHATTR   6Height/Maturity (9 = tall) HGT/RM   5 Plant Habit HAB IndeterminateOil/Meal Type HLC, LST, LLC, LPA, HSC Seed Protein (% @ Dry PROT  40.12Wgt Basis) Seed Protein (% @ 13% PROTN  35.5 H2O) Seed Oil (% @ Dry WgtOILT  20.7 Basis) Seed Oil (% @ 13% OILPCT  18.32 H2O) Seed Size (avgseeds/lb) S/LB 2750 Seed Size Range SEEDSZRANG 2600-2900 Flower Color FLPurple Pubescence Color PU Gray Hila Color HI Yellow Pod Color PD BrownSeed Coat Luster SCL Dull

TABLE 2 VARIETY COMPARISON DATA YIELD MATABS LDGSEV PRTLAB bu/a 60#count score HGT FEC score EMGSC score SDVIG score OILPCT PROTN StatisticABS ABS ABS in ABS score ABS ABS ABS ABS pct ABS pct ABS 90M01 38.2112.5 8.3 30.6 6.9 5.3 7.8 7.3 18.5 35.54 90B11 33.9 112.4 7 31 5.9 5.36.8 4.7 17.14 35.2 #Locs 13 9 2 5 11 2 4 1 7 7 #Reps 30 20 6 10 24 6 123 8 8 #Years 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 Abs. 4.3 0.1 1.3 0.4 1.1 0 1.1 2.7 1.360.34 Diff Prob 0.001 0.840 0.156 0.789 0.027 1.000 0.250 0.001 0.36790M01 38.2 112.5 8.3 30.6 6.9 5.3 7.8 7.3 18.5 35.54 90B51 37.5 117.58.3 31.2 6.4 4.5 6.8 4.7 17.93 35.79 #Locs 13 9 2 5 11 2 4 1 7 7 #Reps30 20 6 12 23 6 12 3 8 8 #Years 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 Abs. 0.8 5 0 0.6 0.50.8 1 2.7 0.57 0.25 Diff Prob 0.469 0.001 1.000 0.767 0.087 0.677 0.3710.088 0.448 90M01 38.2 112.5 8.3 30.6 6.9 5.3 7.8 7.3 18.5 35.54 90M2037.4 115.9 8.5 32.6 6.3 4.7 7.4 6 18.06 34.56 #Locs 13 9 2 5 11 2 4 1 77 #Reps 30 20 6 12 24 6 12 3 8 8 #Years 3 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 Abs. 0.9 3.40.2 2 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.44 0.98 Diff Prob 0.286 0.002 0.500 0.143 0.0220.500 0.312 0.089 0.019 90M01 37.3 113.3 8.3 28.3 6.4 5.3 7.8 7.3 18.535.54 90M40 41.5 117.6 8.5 30.1 4.2 6.3 7.8 5 18.41 34.14 #Locs 10 6 2 38 2 4 1 7 7 #Reps 24 16 5 9 19 6 12 3 8 8 #Years 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2Abs. 4.2 4.3 0.2 1.8 2.2 1 0 2.3 0.09 1.4 Diff Prob 0.000 0.007 0.5000.026 0.002 0.590 1.000 0.820 0.010

TABLE 3 Soybean SSR Marker Set Markers Sctt008 Satt372 Satt495 Satt328Satt582 Satt523 Satt572 Satt389 Satt284 Satt165 Satt186 Satt513 Satt042Sct137 Satt590 Satt300 Satt598 Satt150 Satt050 Satt204 Satt567 Satt385Satt602 Satt540 Satt545 Satt452 Satt175 Satt225 Satt193 Satt551 Satt133Satt348 Satt250 Satt411 Satt144 Satt336 Satt233 Sat090 Satt255 Satt327Satt594 Satt234 Satt421 Satt517 Satt257 Satt470 Sat117 Satt358 Satt455Sct187 Satt259 Satt409 Satt568 Satt420 Satt228 Sctt009 Satt262 Sct188Satt279 Satt478 Satt353 Satt367 Satt592 Satt509 Satt127 Satt153 Satt251Sctt012 Satt216 Satt197 Satt270 Satt266 Satt213 Sct028 Satt412 Satt577Satt357 Satt546 Satt467 Satt221 Satt172 Sct034 Satt383 Sat104 Satt243Satt295 Satt440 Satt601 Satt507 Satt249 Satt556 Satt147 Sct046 Satt122Satt196 Satt596 Satt534 Satt380 Satt142 Satt183 Satt565 Satt431 Sct186Satt102 Satt451 Satt555 Satt227 Satt441 Satt432 Satt557 Satt457 Satt475

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in thespecification are indicative of the level of those skilled in the art towhich this invention pertains. All such publications, patents and patentapplications are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose citedto the same extent as if each was specifically and individuallyindicated to be incorporated by reference herein.

The foregoing invention has been described in detail by way ofillustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding. Asis readily apparent to one skilled in the art, the foregoing are onlysome of the methods and compositions that illustrate the embodiments ofthe foregoing invention. It will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art that variations, changes, modifications and alterations maybe applied to the compositions and/or methods described herein withoutdeparting from the true spirit, concept and scope of the invention.

1. A seed of soybean variety 90M01, representative seed of said soybean variety 90M01 having been deposited under ATCC Accession No: PTA-XXXX.
 2. A soybean plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim
 1. 3. The soybean plant, or a part thereof, of claim 2 wherein said part is pollen.
 4. The soybean plant, or a part thereof, of claim 2 wherein said part is an ovule.
 5. A soybean plant, or a part thereof, expressing all the physiological and morphological characteristics of soybean variety 90M01, representative seed of said soybean variety having been deposited under ATCC Accession No: PTA-XXXX.
 6. A tissue culture produced from protoplasts or regenerable cells from the plant of claim
 2. 7. The tissue culture according to claim 6, wherein the cells or protoplasts are produced from a plant tissue selected from the group consisting of: leaf, pollen, cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryos, root, pod, flower, shoot and stem.
 8. A soybean plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 6 having all the morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean variety 90M01, representative seed of said soybean variety 90M01 having been deposited under ATCC Accession No: PTA-XXXX.
 9. A method for producing a soybean seed comprising crossing two soybean plants and harvesting the resultant soybean seed, wherein at least one soybean plant is the soybean plant of claim
 2. 10. A method for producing hybrid soybean seed comprising crossing the soybean plant according to claim 2 with a second soybean plant and harvesting the resultant hybrid soybean seed.
 11. A method for producing a 90M01 derived soybean plant, comprising: a. Crossing soybean variety 90M01, a sample of said soybean variety deposited under ATCC Accession No: PTA-XXXX, with a second soybean plant to yield progeny soybean seed; and b. Growing said progeny soybean seed to yield said 90M01-derived soybean plant.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the second soybean plant is transgenic. 